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330 lines
12 KiB
330 lines
12 KiB
//VerilogA for ring,neffreso,veriloga
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//Xuanqi Chen, Zhifei Wang, Yi-Shing Chang, Jiang Xu, Jun Feng, Peng Yang, Zhehui Wang, Luan H. K. Duong, ”Modeling and Analysis of Optical Modulators Based on Free-Carrier Plasma Dispersion Effect,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (TCAD), vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 977-990, May 2020.
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`include "constants.vams"
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`include "disciplines.vams"
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`define MAX_TABLE_SIZE 300000
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`define MAX_X_NUM 1000
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//500*500=250000
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module neffreso(Ipow,Iphase,Ilam,Opow,Ophase,Olam,Vbias,Gnd);
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//Parameters
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parameter real r = 10u from (0:inf);
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parameter real phaseshift_ratio = 0.8407 from (0:1);
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parameter real nref_coupler = 3.02 from (0:inf);
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parameter real kappa_coupler = 2.15e6 from (0:inf);
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parameter real l_coupler = 0.1u from (0:inf);
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parameter real alpha_phaseshift_ref = 80 from (0:inf);
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parameter real alpha_absorp = 1 from (0:inf);
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parameter real alpha_wd = 1 from (0:inf);
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parameter real rib_width = 0.4u from (0:inf);
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parameter real pn_offset = 0 from [0:inf);
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parameter real ni = 1e16 from (0:inf);
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parameter real N_A = 5e23 from (0:inf);
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parameter real N_D = 1e24 from (0:inf);
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parameter real Lp = 2u from (0:inf);
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parameter real Ln = 1u from (0:inf);
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parameter real epsr_Si = 11.7;
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parameter real Is = 1e-14 from (0:inf);
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parameter real IBV = 1000u from (0:inf);
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parameter real BV = 40 from (0:inf);
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parameter real V0 = 1 from [0:inf);
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parameter real Cj0 = 1.5p from [0:inf);
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parameter real tau = 0.5n from (0:inf);
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parameter real Rs = 55 from (0:inf);
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parameter real emi = 1 from (0:inf);
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parameter real Vt = 0.0259 from (0:inf);
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parameter string neff_ps_filename = "../../../data/EIM/outputPN1.54-1.56-500.txt";
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parameter string neff_wg_filename = "../../../data/EIM/output-wg1.54-1.56-500.txt";
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input Ipow,Iphase,Ilam,Vbias;
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output Opow,Ophase,Olam;
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inout Gnd;
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electrical Ipow,Iphase,Ilam,Opow,Ophase,Olam,Vbias,Nint,Gnd;
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branch (Gnd,Nint) Iint;
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branch (Nint,Gnd) CCj,CCd,Idd,RRs;
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//internal variables
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real beta_cp;
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real k_cp_r,k_cp_i;
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real t_cp_r,t_cp_i;
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real beta_wg;
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real k_wg_r,k_wg_i;
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real beta_ps;
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real k_ps_r,k_ps_i;
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real c1r,c1i,c2r,c2i,cr,ci;
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real er,ei;
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real p_mr_r,p_mr_i;
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real E_in_R,E_in_I,E_out_R,E_out_I;
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real alpha_phaseshift;
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real W,Wdp,Wdn;
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real eps,phi_bi,phi;
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real N_avr;
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real gd,Id,Cj,Cd;
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real pn00,np00;
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real lam;
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real neff_waveguide,neff_phaseshift_ref,neff_phaseshift;
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//1550nm
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real sigma_ne=-8.8E-22;
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real sigma_nh=-8.5E-18;
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real sigma_ae=8.5E-18;
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real sigma_ah=6.0E-18;
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real xlength;//=0.6u;
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integer xnum=`MAX_X_NUM+1;
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integer xnum2=2*`MAX_X_NUM+1;
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real x[0:`MAX_X_NUM];
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real np[0:`MAX_X_NUM];
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real pp[0:`MAX_X_NUM];
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real pn[0:`MAX_X_NUM];
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real nn[0:`MAX_X_NUM];
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real xx[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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real n[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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real p[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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integer wi,wf;
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real dalpha_e[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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real dalpha_h[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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real dalpha[0:2*`MAX_X_NUM+1];
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real sum_dalpha,dalpha_avr;
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integer ps_file, wg_file;
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real width_start, width_end, width_step;
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integer width_num;
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real lam_start, lam_end, lam_step;
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integer lam_num;
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integer lam_near, width_near;
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real tmp;
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real lam_old=0;
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real width_old=0;
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real neff_table_ps[0:`MAX_TABLE_SIZE] = {0};
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real neff_lamtable_ps[0:`MAX_TABLE_SIZE] = {0};
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real neff_widthtable_ps[0:`MAX_TABLE_SIZE] = {0};
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real neff_table_wg[0:`MAX_TABLE_SIZE] = {0};
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real neff_lamtable_wg[0:`MAX_TABLE_SIZE] = {0};
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integer read_table_ps=1;
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integer read_table_wg=1;
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integer i, j;
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analog initial begin
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pn00=pow(ni,2)/N_D;
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np00=pow(ni,2)/N_A;
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eps=epsr_Si*`P_EPS0;
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phi_bi=`P_K*$temperature/`P_Q*ln(N_A*N_D/pow(ni,2));
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N_avr=N_A*N_D/(N_A+N_D);
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end
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analog begin
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lam=V(Ilam);
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gd=(-Is*(exp(5)-1)+IBV)/(-5*emi*Vt + BV);
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Id=Is*(limexp(V(Nint)/(emi*Vt))-1)+V(Nint)*gd;
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if (V(Nint) >= V0)
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Cj=0;
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else
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Cj=Cj0/sqrt(1-V(Nint)/V0);
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//Cd=Id*tau/(emi*Vt);
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Cd=Is*(exp(V(Nint)/(emi*Vt))-1)*tau/(emi*Vt);
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I(Iint) <+ V(Vbias)/Rs;
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I(CCj) <+ Cj*ddt(V(CCj));
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I(CCd) <+ Cd*ddt(V(CCd));
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I(Idd) <+ Id;
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V(RRs) <+ I(RRs)*Rs;
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E_in_R=sqrt(V(Ipow))*cos(V(Iphase)/360.0*2*`M_PI);
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E_in_I=sqrt(V(Ipow))*sin(V(Iphase)/360.0*2*`M_PI);
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beta_cp = 2.0*`M_PI*nref_coupler/lam;
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//k_cp = 1j*sin(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * limexp(1j*l_coupler*beta_cp)
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k_cp_r=-sin(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * sin(l_coupler*beta_cp);
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k_cp_i=sin(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * cos(l_coupler*beta_cp);
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//t_cp = cos(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * limexp(1j*l_coupler*beta_cp)
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t_cp_r=cos(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * cos(l_coupler*beta_cp);
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t_cp_i=cos(kappa_coupler*l_coupler) * sin(l_coupler*beta_cp);
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phi=phi_bi-V(Nint);
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if (phi<0)
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phi=0;
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W=alpha_wd * sqrt(2.0*eps*phi/(`P_Q*N_avr));
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Wdp=N_D * W/(N_A+N_D);
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Wdn=N_A * W/(N_A+N_D);
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xlength=rib_width/2;
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for (i=0; i<xnum; i=i+1) begin
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x[i]=i*xlength/(xnum-1);
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np[i]=np00*(exp(`P_Q*V(Nint)/(`P_K*$temperature))-1)*exp(-(x[i]-Wdp)/Ln)+np00;
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if (x[i]>Wdp) begin
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pp[i]=N_A;
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end
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else begin
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pp[i]=0;
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end
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pn[i]=pn00*(exp(`P_Q*V(Nint)/(`P_K*$temperature))-1)*exp(-(x[i]-Wdn)/Lp)+pn00;
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if (x[i]>Wdn) begin
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nn[i]=N_D;
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end
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else begin
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nn[i]=0;
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end
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if (np[i]<0) np[i]=0;
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if (pn[i]<0) pn[i]=0;
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end
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for (i=0; i<2*xnum; i=i+1) begin
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if (i<xnum) begin
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xx[i]=-x[xnum-1-i];
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n[i]=np[xnum-1-i];
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p[i]=pp[xnum-1-i];
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end
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else begin
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xx[i]=x[i-xnum];
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n[i]=nn[i-xnum];
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p[i]=pn[i-xnum];
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end
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// if (abs(xx[i]+rib_width/2) < 0.001u) begin
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// wi=i;
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// $display("wi=%d",wi);
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// end
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// if (abs(xx[i]-rib_width/2) < 0.001u) begin
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// wf=i;
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// $display("wf=%d",wf);
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// end
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end
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for (i=0; i<xnum2; i=i+1) begin
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dalpha_e[i]=n[i]*sigma_ae*1e-4;
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dalpha_h[i]=p[i]*sigma_ah*1e-4;
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dalpha[i]=dalpha_e[i] + dalpha_h[i];
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end
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sum_dalpha=0;
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for (i=0; i<xnum2; i=i+1) begin
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sum_dalpha=sum_dalpha+dalpha[i];
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end
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dalpha_avr=sum_dalpha/(xnum2);
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alpha_phaseshift = alpha_phaseshift_ref + dalpha_avr;
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if (read_table_ps==0 || lam_old==0 || width_old==0) begin
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read_table_ps=1;
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end
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if (read_table_ps == 1) begin
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ps_file=$fopen(neff_ps_filename,"r");
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if (ps_file==0) begin
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$display("Error: cannot open ps_file %s",neff_ps_filename);
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$finish;
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end
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// else
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// $display("ps_file %s opened successfully",neff_ps_filename);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%f",width_start);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%f",width_end);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%d",width_num);
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width_step = (width_end-width_start)/(width_num-1);
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// $display("width_start=%f, width_end=%f, width_num=%f, width_step=%f",width_start,width_end,width_num,width_step);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%f",lam_start);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%f",lam_end);
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%d",lam_num);
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lam_step = (lam_end-lam_start)/(lam_num-1);
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// for (i=0; i<width_num; i=i+1) begin
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// $fscanf(ps_file,"%f",tmp);
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// end
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for (i=0; i<width_num; i=i+1) begin
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for (j=0; j<lam_num; j=j+1) begin
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$fscanf(ps_file,"%f",tmp);
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neff_widthtable_ps[i*lam_num+j] = width_start+i*width_step;
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neff_lamtable_ps[i*lam_num+j] = lam_start+j*lam_step;
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neff_table_ps[i*lam_num+j] = tmp;
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//$display("neff_widthtable_ps[%d]=%f, neff_lamtable_ps[%d]=%f, neff_table_ps[%d]=%f",i*lam_num+j,neff_widthtable_ps[i*lam_num+j],i*lam_num+j,neff_lamtable_ps[i*lam_num+j],i*lam_num+j,neff_table_ps[i*lam_num+j]);
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end
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end
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$fclose(ps_file);
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neff_widthtable_ps[width_num*lam_num+1] = 0;
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neff_lamtable_ps[width_num*lam_num+1] = 0;
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neff_table_ps[width_num*lam_num+1] = 0;
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neff_widthtable_ps[width_num*lam_num+2] = 0;
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neff_lamtable_ps[width_num*lam_num+2] = -1;
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neff_table_ps[width_num*lam_num+2] = 0;
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read_table_ps=2;
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end
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if (read_table_ps == 2) begin
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if (lam*1e6<lam_start || lam*1e6>lam_end) begin
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$display("Warning: lam=%f is out of range [%f,%f]",lam*1e6,lam_start,lam_end);
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end
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if (Wdp*1e6<width_start || Wdp*1e6>width_end) begin
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$display("Warning: Wdp=%f is out of range [%f,%f]",Wdp*1e6,width_start,width_end);
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end
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neff_phaseshift = $table_model(Wdp*1e6, lam*1e6, neff_widthtable_ps, neff_lamtable_ps, neff_table_ps, "3L,3L");
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end
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if (read_table_wg == 0|| lam_old==0 ) begin
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read_table_wg=1;
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end
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if (read_table_wg == 1) begin
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wg_file=$fopen(neff_wg_filename,"r");
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if (wg_file==0) begin
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$display("Error: cannot open wg_file %s",neff_wg_filename);
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$finish;
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end
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$fscanf(wg_file,"%f",lam_start);
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$fscanf(wg_file,"%f",lam_end);
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$fscanf(wg_file,"%d",lam_num);
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for (i=0; i<lam_num; i=i+1) begin
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neff_lamtable_wg[i] = lam_start+i*lam_step;
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end
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for (j=0; j<lam_num; j=j+1) begin
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$fscanf(wg_file,"%f",tmp);
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neff_table_wg[j] = tmp;
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end
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read_table_wg=2;
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$fclose(wg_file);
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end
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if (read_table_wg == 2) begin
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if (lam*1e6<lam_start || lam*1e6>lam_end) begin
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$display("Warning: lam=%f is out of range [%f,%f]",lam*1e6,lam_start,lam_end);
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end
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neff_waveguide = $table_model(lam*1e6, neff_lamtable_wg, neff_table_wg, "3E");
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end
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beta_wg = 2.0*`M_PI*neff_waveguide/lam;
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beta_ps = 2.0*`M_PI*neff_phaseshift/lam;
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k_wg_r=-alpha_phaseshift_ref;
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k_wg_i=beta_wg;
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k_ps_r=-alpha_phaseshift*alpha_absorp;
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k_ps_i=beta_ps;
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er = phaseshift_ratio*2.0*`M_PI*r*k_ps_r+(1.0-phaseshift_ratio)*2.0*`M_PI*r*k_wg_r;
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ei = phaseshift_ratio*2.0*`M_PI*r*k_ps_i+(1.0-phaseshift_ratio)*2.0*`M_PI*r*k_wg_i;
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p_mr_r = limexp(er)*cos(ei);
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p_mr_i = limexp(er)*sin(ei);
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c1r = t_cp_r + p_mr_r*((k_cp_r*k_cp_r-k_cp_i*k_cp_i)-(t_cp_r*t_cp_r-t_cp_i*t_cp_i))-p_mr_i*(2.0*k_cp_r*k_cp_i-2.0*t_cp_r*t_cp_i);
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c1i = t_cp_i + p_mr_i*((k_cp_r*k_cp_r-k_cp_i*k_cp_i)-(t_cp_r*t_cp_r-t_cp_i*t_cp_i))+p_mr_r*(2.0*k_cp_r*k_cp_i-2.0*t_cp_r*t_cp_i);
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c2r = 1.0-p_mr_r*t_cp_r+p_mr_i*t_cp_i;
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c2i = p_mr_r*t_cp_i+p_mr_i*t_cp_r;
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cr=(c1r*c2r-c1i*c2i)/(c2r*c2r+c2i*c2i);
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ci=(c1i*c2r+c1r*c2i)/(c2r*c2r+c2i*c2i);
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E_out_R = cr*E_in_R-ci*E_in_I;
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E_out_I = ci*E_in_R+cr*E_in_I;
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V(Opow) <+ E_out_R*E_out_R+E_out_I*E_out_I;
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V(Ophase) <+ atan2(E_out_I,E_out_R)*360.0/(2*`M_PI);
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V(Olam) <+ V(Ilam);
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lam_old=lam;
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width_old=Wdp;
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end
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endmodule
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